Immunoglobulins constitute a class of glycoproteins naturally synthesized by the immune system to defend against diverse exogenous and endogenous antigens. These molecules see broad clinical deployment for disease prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Köhler and Milstein’s 1975 hybridoma breakthrough enabled mass production of uniform monoclonal antibodies. Current antibody development systems have inaugurated a transformative period for producing and utilizing immunoreagents targeting infectious agents and cancerous diseases. Engineered antibodies have become principal therapeutic agents against cancer and autoimmune conditions during the past decade. Thus, pioneering modification strategies are imperative to optimize immunoglobulins or associated biological molecules, augmenting specificity, affinity, functionality, and related properties.